Sundown syndrome or Sundowning particularly occurs among cognitively impaired, demented, or institutionalized elderly adults. When the sun goes down, people with dementia usually experience restlessness, irritability, confusion, agitation and at times appear delirious- seeing and hearing things that are not there to a greater extent than they do early in the day. This behavior is usually manifested by increase in neuropsychiatric symptoms in the late afternoon, evening or at night.
The Alzheimer’s Association estimates that one in five individuals with dementia will experience Sundowning. It is more likely to occur during the mid to late stages of dementia, and tend to increase during autumn and winter months when night falls earlier.
Sundowning can continue into the night, making it difficult for people with dementia to fall asleep and stay in bed. As a result, they and their caregivers may have difficulty sleeping and functioning well during the day.
Minimizing Sundowning
As a caregiver to a loved one with dementia, there are few tips or rather measures you can follow to minimize the severity of Sundowning with your loved one. First will be avoiding situations that could lead to more confusion and anxiety for example, avoid offering alcoholic beverages and any caffeinated drinks like coffee or soda.
Secondly, encourage daytime rest if necessary, however keep naps short and not too late in the day.
Third, avoid situations that will increase late-afternoon and early restlessness.
Help him or her reset their body clock by taking a walk outside for some sun light during the day and try softer room lighting in the evening.
Coping with Sundowning
As someone caring for a loved one with dementia, it is very important you begin to learn and master the signs of Sundowning which includes anxiety, increased confusion and behaviors such as pacing, wandering or yelling. Being able to Identify the causes of these sudden change in behavior and working to get them addressed will go a long way in making things better for both your loved one and you the caregiver.
Avoid getting into arguments with him/her or show signs of frustration rather try to reassure and look for ways to distract him or her from stressful or upsetting events.
You can also try reducing noise, number of people in the room. Make early evening a quiet time of day. Playing soothing music, reading or simple task like folding towels can make the situations better.
If Problems Persist
If Sundowning continues to be a problem, seek medical help. Medical help may identify the cause of Sundowning, such as pain, a sleep disorder or other illness or medication side effect.
If medication is prescribed to help him or her relax and sleep better at night, be sure to find out about possible side effects. Some medications can increase the chances of dizziness, falls and confusion.